Managing sundowning, a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease, can be challenging, but with some strategies and patience, you can help support your loved one during this time. Sundowning refers to increased agitation, confusion, and restlessness that often occur in the late afternoon or evening. Here are some tips to manage sundowning:

Establish a routine: Maintaining a consistent daily routine can help reduce confusion and anxiety. Create a schedule that includes regular mealtimes, activities, and bedtime. Familiarity and structure can provide a sense of security. Specifically choosing an activity that your loved one has experience in doing from their past, either from home or at work, can be very settling to do during this time.
Promote a calm environment: Create a soothing atmosphere in the evening by reducing noise, dimming lights, and minimizing distractions. Soft background music or calming sounds might be helpful. Ensure the living space is well-lit to minimize shadows, which can be confusing or frightening.
Manage lighting: As daylight fades, provide ample lighting to prevent shadows and make the environment feel brighter. Consider using bright, warm lighting or nightlights in hallways, bathrooms, and bedrooms to minimize disorientation.
Encourage physical activity: Engage your loved one in light exercise or physical activities during the day. This can help reduce restlessness and promote better sleep at night. Avoid stimulating activities close to bedtime, as they may increase agitation.
Limit daytime napping: Discourage long naps during the day, as they can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle and contribute to increased confusion at night. Encourage short, frequent rest periods instead.
Monitor caffeine and alcohol intake: Limit or avoid caffeine and alcohol, as they can interfere with sleep patterns. These substances may worsen sundowning symptoms and increase restlessness.
Provide comfort and reassurance: During episodes of sundowning, stay calm and offer reassurance to your loved one. Use a soothing and gentle tone of voice, and provide physical touch or gestures of comfort if appropriate. Avoid arguing or correcting their perceptions.
Address basic needs: Ensure your loved one's basic needs are met. Offer a light, nutritious snack before bedtime to alleviate hunger. Make sure they use the bathroom before going to bed to prevent discomfort during the night.
Medication review: Consult with your loved one's healthcare provider to assess their medication regimen. Certain medications may contribute to sundowning symptoms. Adjustments in timing or dosage may be necessary.
Seek support: Caring for someone with Alzheimer's can be overwhelming. Reach out for support from friends, family, or support groups to share experiences, advice, and emotional support. Consider respite care options to provide temporary relief and ensure your own well-being.

Remember, each individual with Alzheimer's is unique, and not all strategies may work for everyone. It's important to observe and understand your loved one's patterns and preferences to tailor the approach accordingly. Consult with healthcare professionals specializing in dementia care for personalized guidance and recommendations.

Source: Cleveland Clinic

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